Analysis of as new park case study Essay

Examination of as new park contextual investigation Presentation  The arranging procedure includes designers, networks, specialists, organizers, and government. The inclusion of the considerable number of partners in arranging process guarantees that a task is decidedly actualized in the open interests (Carmona, 2010). The new undertaking would start as an improvement the old city. The old city was generally utilized by ladies and kids. In spite of the fact that it was created 30 years prior, it despite everything stayed as the best decision for the individuals living at its region. It shaped the best diversion community for individuals during warm winter season. The new park would supplant the old trees, grass, and construct new shades and structures that would be utilized to conceal individuals during sweltering climate. The case included shut down of the old city for a long time and movement of individuals living around the city to put where there were no social enhancements, for example, schools and diversion focus. The case speaks to of un scrupulous issues that relates to urban arranging apparent through the engineers.  The moral issues incorporate conclusion of the city and denying individuals their recreational office. The new park advancement would deny individuals an opportunity to make the most of their recreational offices, which is expertly unscrupulous to an engineer. Furthermore, the engineer would demolish people’s legacy on old trees and grass. The advanced structures would annihilate the old trees and grass legacy in the new park. In addition, it isn't moral to move individuals from their own customary range of familiarity where they delighted in social conveniences, for example, schools, parks and different foundations such other shopping centers to a spot where they no longer appreciate the courtesies. The demonstration is accepted to on personal circumstances that couldn't care less about other network. In arranging process, it is significant for organizers and engineers to consider proficient morals while executing their city arranging with the goal that regard among netwo rks and the influenced individuals is looked after (Allen, 2009).  For this situation, the most plausible arrangement would be first to build up the territory where the two networks would be moved before moving them. It would be generally fitting if the legislature could begin by creating foundations, for example, streets, schools, medical clinics, and recreational focuses before uprooting individuals in towns if the new park would not be avoidable. Then again, another park could be grown somewhere else and the former one be revamped to keep up national legacy. Additionally, the old park redesign ought not be shut for a significant stretch and should engineers ought to permit individuals to get to the recreation center considerably under developments. The remodel of the recreation center would guarantee that the national legacy on customary trees and grass would not be crushed along these lines keep up it as method of securing the nations indigenous species. This would guarantee that individuals are not moved from their unique safe place. Thusly, advancement of region that the two networks were moved would guarantee that the communities’ expectations for everyday comforts would not be influenced with the exception of their topographical move. The move would keep up the regard between the networks, organizers, designers and architects as their lives won't be influenced.  The arrangement approach where the organizers would guarantee that all the social luxuries are created before migration would guarantee that the expert code of morals on the cognizant on the privilege of an outsider would be maintained (American Planning Association, 2009). Also, the code of morals on reasonably managing all the individuals engaged with the procedure will be exceptionally maintained. Be that as it may, the estimation of expert code of morals on legacy will be abused through choosing another park and indigenous trees will be obliterated. The organizers will have settled on sure that the dynamic procedure includes all the gathering and in this manner nobody would be contrarily influenced by the new venture. So also, the second methodology of choosing the new park somewhere else would guarantee proficient code of morals for organizers to guarantee social equity and obligation not to hindrance individuals would be maintained. This arrangement would guarantee that ind ividuals are not moved and simultaneously the national legacy is kept up. The estimation of legacy that is credited to indigenous trees will be maintained while that of greatness structure and refreshed structure will be disregarded (American Planning Association, 2009).  Both arrangements would limit the negative effects of the arranging in the city. Notwithstanding, the best arrangement will be to plan and develop the new park somewhere else close to the old park. The answers for arranging question defend the privileges of the individuals and the expert morals of the organizers (Staatskoerant, 2011).The old park must be redesigned with the goal that the legacy of the city will be maintained. Correspondingly, there would be movement of individuals to new zones and in this way they will be genuinely rewarded and their lives won't be influenced. Also, the arrangement will guarantee that individuals are not denied their privileges to have a good time during winter. Remodel for the old park should be possible during summer when individuals are not utilizing the recreation center with the goal that they would not be constrained access during winter. The move will affect decidedly to individuals living there and would hold the regard of networks to des igners.  The arrangement would restrict the organizers, designers and specialists from executing their own structure and arranging of the city. Also, the individuals would not get an opportunity to appreciate an advanced office. Notwithstanding, there would at present be an opportunity for them to build another park somewhere else in the city and increment the quantity of parks. One that would be wealthy in legacy and there other one would be present day. In spite of the fact that space and zone distribution might be an issue, another park somewhere else would stand apart for this case. End  taking everything into account, it tends to be noticed that organizers, designers and architects ought to exceptionally consider proficient morals when completing new undertakings that would affect contrarily to people in general. All arranging procedures ought to include all partners and reasonable execution of the task ought to be considered to keep away from unscrupulous issues that are prove on account of new park advancement. References Allen, J. (2009). Event arranging: Ethics and decorum : a principled way to deal with the matter of uncommon occasion the board. Mississauga, Ont: Wiley. American Planning Association,. (2009). AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. Planning.org. Recovered 13 May 2014, from http://www.planning.org/morals/ethicscode.htm Carmona, M. (2010). Open spots, urban spaces: the element of urban structure. Oxon: Routledge. Staatskoerant,. (2011). Code of morals and expert lead for the urban and local arranging calling. Gov.za. Recovered 13 May 2014, from http://www.gov.za/archives/download.php?f=147400 Source record

Television Essays - Television Technology, Television,

TV TV We have in any event a TV in our home. TV permits us to hear and consider occasions to be soon as they occur. In the event that our grandmother's mom or father see TV, they'll suprised and state 'This is diablo's machine!'. We sit in front of the TV in any event two hour in a day. HOW WORKS TV? At the point when a TV program is communicated the sound and picture are conveyed all the while by two distinctive radio frameworks. The TV camera snaps the photo. Camera is the most significant piece of the camera. The light from the item is permitted to fall on a light sensivite plate situated inside the camera tube by the focal point. This plate comprises of thousands of light sensivite particles which go about as photoelectric cells. Each photoelectric cell radiates electrons in a similar extent as the light falling on it. This structures a picture on the plate. The splendid and dim spots structure an electric flow which leaves the transmitter as transporter waves. These waves are gotten by the collector. The TV collector gets both the sound and the image. The radio wire of the TV set gets the frail current and passes it to a cathode beam tube which is known as the image tube. The electron pillar filters the screen of the image tube in the very same manner that it checked the objective of the camera tube and an image is shaped on TV screen. The picture on the screen changes 25 times each second and, since we can't distinguish singular pictures moving at this speed, we see a consistently moving picture. WHO INVENTED THE TV? TV wasn't developed by a man. Numerous individuals helped for imagining TV. (For instance German Nipkow (1884) , Russian Rosing (1911) , American Zworikin...) Designers 1884?Nipkow**German** 1911?Rosing**Russian**-Zworikin**American** 1923-1928?Baird**English** 1923-1928?Barthelemy-Halweck**French** Television's STEPS in WORLD ? N?PKOW He made a TV and he developed examining plate with gaps. ? ROS?NG and ZWORYK?N They imagined first vision on screen. ? BAIRD and HALWECK-BARTHELEMY Baird in England , Halweck and Barthelemy in France transmit obscure dreams with radioelectiric waves. ? 1947 The dreams turned out to be clear dreams ? 1951 Shaded TV was imagined. ? 1953 and 1962 Eurovision in 1953 , Mondovision in 1962 were communicated and TV turned into a significant thing in world. Television's STEPS in TURKEY ? 1963 Instruction community for TV was builded. ? 1966 A little telecaster was purchased for Ankara and began shut telecom. ? 1984 We began hued broadcasting.

Buy Book Reports Online at Affordable Prices

Buy Book Reports Online at Affordable Prices Book Reports Online Home›Book Reports OnlineWhy You Should Buy a Book Report OnlineIt is not a secret that the process of education is rather tough nowadays since students have to complete a great number of tasks within short deadlines. Being under the constant pressure, learners do not want to miss a wonderful opportunity to purchase book reports online written from scratch. Hundreds of students come to us every day in order to get professional assistance in writing different academic papers. We provide them with top quality services and help achieve the set goals!   Many students are wondering where they can buy book reports that will be of high quality and written according to the book report requirements. Students are afraid of the risks they may face when they find some book report writing service. There are many cases when students became victims of frauds when they wanted to buy book reports and placed orders at online writing companies. Some customers received a book repor t that was heavily plagiarized or was already submitted by another client. Therefore, the reasons why students feel so cautious when they buy book reports are evident. It is not a secret that you are required to read many books when taking a course. What is more, professors believe that you will analyze every single book thoroughly and comprehensively. Oftentimes, your teachers want you to write a summary of the book to prove that you have really read it from cover to cover. Students have encountered a dilemma: is it worth to risk money and buy the book report from some book report writing service?Book report writing can be so inspiring if you know how to do it right.  But if you dont? We recommend you not to wait for motivation or inspiration.  We can write an excellent book report right now. (Only Reliable Payment Systems)When you face such a situation, come to QualityCustomEssays.com  to buy a book report online. One of our professionals will write an excellent summary that is fu ll of details. In addition, the usage of relevant quotes and citations is ensured. Our writers know how to come up with a high quality book report since they have written thousands of papers for our valued customers. To make sure that we provide first-class book reports, check our samples. Rest assured that we tell the truth! Thus, do not hesitate to order a supreme quality essay at QualityCustomEssays.com.Excellent Book Report Writing

Hiv / Aids And Malaria - 1598 Words

Since 2013, the UK has a populations of 63,136 thousands, with a median age of 40 years. The number of births in the country is 770.3 thousands, while the number of deaths is 560 thousands. The at-birth life expectancy for both sexes is currently 81, while women appear to have a higher life expectancy than males. Despite the late life expectancy age, there are a number of diseases that greatly influence the UK’s health status. Among the UK’s top global health issues, cardiovascular disease (CVD) ranks among the top health issue throughout the country. This is perfectly reflected as a major global health problem as the World Health Organization considers cardiovascular diseases the main cause of death globally. Other major global health issues are much less prominent in the UK, such as HIV/AIDS and Malaria. Despite the UK’s miniscule presence of HIV/AIDS and Malaria, the UK has become a leading country within the Western countries in the management of preventable diseases, considering the top five fatal diseases: stroke, heart disease, cancer, lung and liver disease. Cumulatively, these diseases cause over 150,000 deaths per year within people under the age of 75 years old. Furthermore, approximately 30,000 of the deaths are completely preventable, according to UK’s Department of Health. Within respiratory diseases, the most prominent ones are Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COP D) and asthma, with 6% of the population having asthma and over 3 million of the populationShow MoreRelatedThe United Nation s Millennium Development Goals1021 Words   |  5 PagesUK’s Millennium Development, goal number six, is the combat of diseases such as HIV/AIDS and malaria in all countries. There are many countries that have made significant progress in the combat of disease; Nigeria is no exception. This is due to Nigeria exponentially increasing there treatment and counseling facilities for HIV/AIDS, along with the distribution of millions of insecticide-treated products to combat malaria. However, this doesn’t mean that their fight is over; and there are many waysRead MoreHealth Issues in Africa1611 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerns are HIV/AIDS, malaria, smoking related disease, and tuberculosis, just to name a few of them but all of which affect the non-white population more than the white; apart form these. HIV/AIDS in Africa The rise of sickness in Africa today is mainly caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). AIDS is the number one killer in African society today. As many as 5.7 million people were living with HIV and AIDS in South AfricaRead MoreThe Importance Of Domestic Funding For The Global HIV And AIDS Response Program815 Words   |  4 PagesFunding for the global HIV and AIDS response program in 2013 was relatively the highest with 19.1 billion US dollars disposed at middle and low level income states. However, the process of gathering resources towards this program has improved significantly. The fact that cases of new HIV infections are on the rise in many countries and the international community has been reluctant on their assistance, there is need to come up with more innovative funding methods as well as facilitate new sourcesRead MoreWhy Funding For Nih Should Continue1475 Words   |  6 Pagesfocused on treatment and prevention for many health concerns like TB, HIV/AIDS and malaria.7 Although malaria and tuberculosis rates in the USA are much smaller compared to other countries, HIV rates are higher among certain groups of people, including gay men, African Americans, poor communities, and the homeless.1 There are 40,000 new cases of HIV each year in this country, despite funding the most for research and cure.1 HIV increases the risk of tuberculosis and other immune infections in theRead MoreMillennium Development Goals : The Millennium Goals1518 Words   |  7 PagesDeclaration. The eight goals are, to eradicate hunger and extreme poverty, achieve universal pri mary education, empower women and promote gender equality, lessen the deaths in children, improve the health of mothers, combat diseases for example HIV/AIDS and malaria, to make sure there is environmental sustainability, and have a global partnership for development (WHO 2015). All of the MDGs are influenced by health, and MDG influence health. An example of this would be, children learn better whenRead MoreHealth Care Of Keny A Public Health Problem Essay1118 Words   |  5 PagesHealth care in Kenya Tropical diseases, especially malaria and tuberculosis, have long been a public health problem in Kenya. In recent years, infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), also has become a severe problem. Estimates of the incidence of infection differ widely. General information of Health in Kenya: Kenya spent 5.1% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on healthcare in 2002. This was well below the high-income OECDRead MoreEpidemic Of The United Nations Children s Fund Essay1531 Words   |  7 Pagesan outbreak investigation and response team, water and water and sanitation engineer, as well as social mobilization specialists. These coordinated response operational plans focusing on multi-sectoral response addressed the population’s needs. They aid in the health of communities by providing provisions of safe water and sanitation as well as encouraging communities to protect themselves against cholera by adhering to practices of proper food and water safety and good personal hygiene. The ZINWARead MoreHiv And Its Effects On Nigeria, Lower Respiratory Infections, And Hiv ( Cdc )884 Words   |  4 Pages2013, the CDC listed that the top 3 causes of mortality in Nigeria are malaria, lower respiratory infections, and HIV (CDC, 2013). HIV is the third leading cause of deaths in Nigeria and account for 9% of all deaths (CDC, 2013). HIV is the virus that causes AIDS, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It can be contracted through the exchange of bodily fluids with another infected individual. In Nigeria, the spread of HIV occurs through high prostitution rates, unsafe sexual practices, bloodRead MoreSocial Determinants Of Health May Influence The Burden Of Disease On Global Health1154 Words   |  5 Pagesand clean water, knowledge of health care needs, and the countries’ ability to provide adequate health care to their citizens. Therefore, certain diseases are more prevalent in poor countries versus wealthy countries (Moss, 2015). For example, HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and tuberculosis are major killers in low-income countries. Moreover, some preventable diseases are also prevalent in the low-income countries, such as lower respiratory infections, diarrheal disease, premature and low weight births, and neonatalRead MoreThe Millennium Developmen t Goals : A Global Vision For The Future1447 Words   |  6 Pagesfuture. In the following years, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) evolved in an effort to save the Declaration from slipping into oblivion. They created a momentum that brought the issue of development back on the international agenda, overcame aid fatigue and galvanized the public. With the MDGs’ expiration date of 2015 fast approaching, the world community is focusing on the development of a post-2015 agenda. This paper seeks to contribute to this process by highlighting the main strengths and

How Can Feed The World - 1248 Words

How to Feed the World What do you think this picture shows? It looks like a factory farm, right? As much as it may surprise you, this is what most free range farms look like. Before I explain the picture I want to ask you a question. Which sounds more concerning: a) more than 1.2 billion people live off under 50 pence a day or b) Africa uses less than 3% of the world’s energy, despite having 12.5% of the world’s population? Studies show that in the 1990s more than 3 billion people were suffering from poverty. As the population boom continues to progress, that number is on the increase. Soon, the struggle to feed everyone will become ever more discernible. Food is arguably the most important fuel to keep our bodies functioning; without†¦show more content†¦It prompts us to look at it. Buy it. But is it really the best option to keep us alive? Multiple studies show that intensive farming could be the only way to supply our ever-growing population. It’s bad; it’s cruel; it’s unhealthy. Intensive farming often receive bad press for animal cruelty, but what people do not realise is that most of these facilities actually treat their animals better than most free range farms. As our population grows, it will become much harder to supply food for you and me using free range farming. Some people refuse to believe it, but intensive farming provides us with over double the amount of meat as free range farming does. It is no different for crops. Statistics prove that intensive farming produces a much higher crop yield than our traditional methods. This is allows to maximised land use, meaning more crops can be produced in the same area. Therefore, leads to economies of scale and directly contributes towards meeting the ever-growing demand for food supplies. Furthermore, this will mean that we can supply more food at a cheaper price for those living in poverty. Today, many intensively farmed crops are genetically mo dified. This may sound horrifying, but these plants often contain more vitamins and fibres than the average carrot or cabbage. Also, due to its modified genes, they can grow: faster, bigger, and tastier. Some customers are put off by this, but they allow us to

Assessment for Learning †the Case for Formative Assessment Free Essays

ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING – THE CASE FOR FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT This paper provides findings on assessment for learning, It begins with analysis of the formative approach in exemplary practice carried out in secondary schools in eight education systems. The second half of the paper comprises key analyses on formative assessment in adult language, literacy, and numeracy provision, and a framework for strengthening policy and practice across the sector as well as for building the evidence base. Assessment is vital to the education process. We will write a custom essay sample on Assessment for Learning – the Case for Formative Assessment or any similar topic only for you Order Now In schools, the most visible assessments are summative. Summative assessments are used to measure what students have learnt at the end of a unit, to promote students, to ensure they have met required standards on the way to earning certification for school completion or to enter certain occupations, or as a method for selecting students for entry into further education. Ministries or departments of education may use summative assessments and evaluations as a way to hold publicly funded schools accountable for providing quality education. Increasingly, international summative assessments – such as OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) – have been important for comparing national education systems to developments in other countries. But assessment may also serve a formative function. In classrooms, formative assessment refers to frequent, interactive assessments of student progress and understanding to identify learning needs and adjust teaching appropriately. Teachers using formative assessment approaches and techniques are better prepared to meet diverse students’ needs – through differentiation and adaptation of teaching to raise levels of student achievement and to achieve a greater equity of student outcomes. But there are major barriers to wider practice, including perceived tensions between classroom-based formative assessments, and high visibility summative tests to hold schools accountable for student achievement, and a lack of connection between systemic, school and classroom approaches to assessment and evaluation. The principles of formative assessment may be applied at the school and policy levels, to identify areas for improvement and to promote effective and constructive cultures of evaluation throughout education systems. More consistent use of formative assessment throughout education systems may help stakeholders address the very barriers to its wider practice in classrooms. This overview shows how formative assessment promotes the goals of lifelong learning, including higher levels of student achievement, greater equity of student outcomes, and improved learning to learn skills. The chapter then discusses barriers to wider practice of formative assessment and ways in which those barriers can be addressed, and outlines the study scope and methodology. Meeting goals for lifelong learning Each of the national and regional governments participating in this study promotes formative How to cite Assessment for Learning – the Case for Formative Assessment, Essay examples

Medias Effect on Body Image and Eating Disorders free essay sample

Being voluptuous was a sign of wealth and beauty. Women were not obsessed with diet fads, or trying to look a certain way, but were more concerned with eating healthy and were comfortable with the natural body shape given to them by God. Since 1970, eating disorders have increased by 400% (Rader). What has happened since then to shift the emphasis from a healthy feeling of self worth to a need to fit the description of the standard set by the media? The media realized that fit people sell products, and suddenly being stick thin has become the standard for being considered attractive. It has become more popular to have thin models in magazines and on TV commercials, and as time has passed it seems as if the models are getting thinner and more emaciated. Now, it is seen everywhere in our society, and there is no way to avoid it. False ideas about body image are portrayed everywhere, giving people distorted ideas about reality and causing several problems. To illustrate how much emphasis is constantly placed on appearance, an article found in the Eating Disorder Referral and Information Center states that â€Å"one out of every four television commercials send out some sort of message about attractiveness† (Body Image). Teenage girls are striving to look a way that is not even realistic and are taking drastic measures to reach their desired body weight. Unfortunately, when these teens realize they are not achieving it the way they had hoped, body dissatisfaction begins and often leads to eating disorders. Eating disorders are a serious health problem that is rapidly increasing in the United States each and every day. Not only are they seen in women, they are additionally found in men as well. Researchers at Harvard University Medical School have new data that suggests that up to 25 percent of adults with eating disorders are male (General Information). Due to that information, it is obvious that eating disorders are less frequent in men, but in no way are they absent. The rationale for this difference in genders may perhaps be because of the way society views males and females. When reading an article by the National Eating Disorders Association, it has been seen that clinics and counselors see many more females than males, but that may be because males are reluctant to confess having what has become known as a womens problem. Also, health professionals do not expect to see eating disorders in males and may therefore under diagnose them (Eating Disorders Information). â€Å"Because eating disorders have been described as female problems, males are often exceedingly reluctant to admit that they are in trouble and need help. In addition, most treatment programs and support groups have been designed for females and are populated exclusively by females. Males report feeling uncomfortable and out of place in discussions of lost menstru al periods, womens socio-cultural issues, female-oriented advertising, and similar topics† (General Information). Besides adults having struggles with the issue of body image, whether it is men or women, it seems as if more children at younger ages are beginning to develop abnormal eating patterns in order to achieve a certain body weight. Young girls tend to pick up the message from their parents, the media, and role models that to be thin is not only desirable, it is required. An interesting statistic found in a book written by Carolyn Costin states that â€Å"studies have shown that 70% to 80% of fourth graders report being on diets (Costin). When Dr. Jonathon Rader performed a study using young children he discovered that when preschool girls were offered dolls identical in every respect except weight, they preferred the thin doll 9 times out of 10 (Rader). Girls are indoctrinated at a very young age that the well known Barbie doll is how a woman is supposed to look, which includes no fat, but large breasts, and due to that false view of a woman’s body, it is more than likely that young girls today will approach puberty with a negative body image. Although children can develop eating disorders as early as 6 years old, it is typically the teen years where it becomes out of control. Dr. Jonathon Rader says that â€Å"more than half of teenaged girls are, or think they should be, on diets. They want to lose all or some of the forty pounds that females naturally gain between 8 and 14. About three percent of these teens go too far, becoming anorexic or bulimic† (Rader). Almost everyone has heard of the terms â€Å"anorexic† and â€Å"bulimic† whether it was on TV or in a magazine, but not many eople know the true facts and dangers that go along with them. They also might not even realize that there are other types of eating disorders that people are dealing with, some of which are not even specified. Exactly what are eating disorders? The Eating Disorder Referral and Information Center’s website was very informative when describing the definitions, causes, effects, and symptoms of each and every type of eating disorder. Anorexia nervosa is the proper term used, and it is one of the most common types of eating disorders. It occurs in people who are terrified of getting fat and gaining weight when in reality they are typically extremely under weight as it is. They refuse to maintain a normal body weight, and do that by not eating, eating a significantly less amount than recommended, and often over exercising. When young people are anorexic, it delays puberty for both sexes, and girls do not menstruate at the appropriate age. In addition, anorexia nervosa results in depression, irritability, withdrawal from friends, family, and activities, compulsive rituals involved with food, and strange eating patterns. Bulimia nervosa: also known as the diet-binge-purge disorder is pretty self explanatory. The person diets, becomes hungry, and then binge eats in response to powerful cravings and feelings of deprivation. They often feel out of control when eating, but have such a fear of gaining weight which causes them to do anything possible to undo the binge. Methods used to â€Å"undo the binge† include vomiting, misusing laxatives, exercising profusely, and fasting to get rid of the calories. People with bulimia nervosa often begin to act with little thought of the consequences. For example, they may shoplift, be promiscuous, and abuse alcohol, drugs and credit cards. They typically engage in risk-taking behavior and have other problems with impulse control. Although bulimics put on a brave front majority of the time, they are often depressed, lonely and ashamed. Their feelings almost always include deeply- buried anger and self- doubt, even though most would never know it due to the act they are capable of putting on. Binge eating disorder is completely opposite of anorexia nervosa, and is similar to bulimia nervosa with the exception of getting rid of the food they have consumed. Binge eaters usually have a history of failed diets, which causes them to lose hope, thus resulting in eating rapidly, secretly, and sometimes all day long. They feel out of control during a binge, but yet feel guilty and ashamed for binge eating. Most people with this eating disorder are extremely depressed and obese. There are reasons that people binge eat, which may not be understood by others but it is usually to comfort themselves or numb emotional pain. Information reported in the March 2003 New England Journal of Medicine on the EDReferral website suggests that for some people, but not all, a genetic flaw in combination with lifestyle factors can predispose to binge eating and subsequent obesity (Body Image). Not only do psychological problems exist with eating disorders, but the medical effects are on a much greater scale, and are sometimes even fatal. A few examples of some medical complications include cardiac arrest, kidney and liver damage, loss of muscle mass, destruction of teeth and hair, delayed growth, and a weakened immune system. In one study performed by the National Professional Resource Network, researchers asked women to reduce their caloric intake by 50%. After 15 weeks, the activity of their natural killer cells (a part of the immune system that combats viruses) fell 20% (Rader). Yes, a weakened immune system is a very unpleasant health issue that comes with eating disorders, but each of the effects just listed typically result in death, which is the worst consequence of them all. People with eating disorders often know the effects and consequences they are heading toward, but it does not seem change their habits of disordered eating. This makes it extremely baffling to those with normal eating patterns because it seems as if someone knows the consequences of their actions, they would not do it anymore, but unfortunately it is not that simple. There is not one designated answer as to what causes someone to develop an eating disorder, but there are many theories and interwoven factors that help explain what goes on in the mind of a person suffering from this disease. Many times, they have feelings of inadequacy, emptiness, low self esteem, or the necessity to be in control of their surroundings. Besides the psychological components mentioned, interpersonal factors play a huge role in the development of disordered eating and views on body image, whether it be due to family disharmony and troubled interpersonal relationships, or issues they faced in the past such as being ridiculed for size and weight, or physical, emotional, or sexual abuse. Anything of that nature would be very traumatic to a person and could be more easily understood for having an eating disorder, but not every person with one has had a traumatic experience in his or her life, so what exactly is the cause or the remaining people with eating disorders? They are simply believing in a myth: a myth that is portrayed everywhere that being thin is the most important quality to have, and everyone should have it. It is hard to believe that people just decide by themselves that there is a certain way to look without having any sort of influence on the matter. This â€Å"influence† should be promoting positive messages to our society, when in actuality it is giving people false hopes and ideas about life, relationships, and body image. The media is the main cause for distorted views of body image and when seeking the opinion of a professional on the matter, licensed counselor Ellen Ferry states â€Å"the media has such a great effect on body image because it is everywhere. There is not anywhere in our society that stick thin models are not posted on billboards, TV commercials, magazine covers, and so on. When the media’s messages about being thin are everywhere, it is almost impossible to be avoided and ignored† (Ferry). The media is fully aware of the amount of TV watched, and magazines read by Americans each day, making it easier for them to target such groups. Unfortunately, rather than giving supportive advice in these magazines about eating healthy and being fit, they are putting pictures of unrealistic model figures and tips on how they can achieve an identical shape. The message underlying the articles in these magazines is that one’s outward appearance should be the primary concern. Not only fashion magazines are guilty of this, but even so-called health magazines can contribute to the problem. It is said by the National Eating Disorders Association that â€Å"five years after reading magazine articles about dieting, teenage girls were more likely to control weight by fasting, vomiting, smoking cigarettes, or abusing laxatives than girls who never read such articles. † Female models have been getting thinner and thinner over the past 100 years. A century ago, the ideal body shape for a woman was fleshy and full-figured. Now, models spend a large percentage of their days engaged in activities that manipulate or shape their bodies, and photographs of models are almost always modified or enhanced in some way (Eating Disorders Information). With these media images and body ideals, it is little wonder that women and men feel inadequate, ashamed, and dissatisfied with how they look. Carolyn Costin states that statistically â€Å"the average woman is 54 tall and weighs 140 pounds. The average American model is 511 tall and weighs 117 pounds. Most fashion models are thinner than 98% of American women† (Costin). This unrealistic portrayal of physical attractiveness it not a difficult one to assess; it is simply a case of the media creating a need that isnt naturally occurring. The images seen in these advertisements are often associated with success, power, wealth, and happiness, supposedly gained by using certain products. It often appears that the media is extremely hypocritical concerning the issues of eating disorders and body image in several ways. Just recently it has become politically correct for the media to make some sort of effort to combat eating disorders such as making fun of celebrities and models struggling with eating issues to portray that it is not how someone desires to look. It has been seen in magazine articles and TV shows featuring the effects and heartbreak of anorexia and bulimia, but these efforts become ineffective when they are presented in the usual context. For example, how can one believe that a fashion magazine is truly motivated to combat anorexia when their articles about that subject are surrounded by advertisements featuring stick- thin models? How can one believe that the talk show hostess is truly in favor of strong, healthy female bodies when she frequently prods her anorexic looking body and talks about how much she wants to lose weight from her already thin frame? Because of these hypocritical portrayals of body image, it is almost impossible for people to be satisfied with their natural bodies and be proud of what they were born with. Sometimes the media make it seem as though people can completely control their own body size and can achieve the ideal thinness that is portrayed, but in fact, to a certain extent, the size and shape of a person’s body is as genetically determined as skin and eye color. It is very important to be aware of how screwy modern beauty standards have become, because if it is not recognized that this beauty ideal is unhealthy and unnatural, there is no way to have a realistic view of a healthy body. Due to the media’s strong influential power, it is hardly controversial to say that society has an unhealthy obsession with images of beauty, good looks, and the idea of perfection. In American culture there is a great amount of emphasis placed on body weight, size, and appearance. Because of this, our society is conditioned from a very young age to believe that self-worth is derived from these external characteristics. For example, being thin is somehow associated with being â€Å"successful, beautiful, strong, and self-disciplined. † On the other hand, being â€Å"fat† is associated with being â€Å"lazy, ignorant, weak, and lacking will-power. † These stereotypes are prevalent in our society; and they are reinforced by the media, our family and friends, and even well-respected health professionals. As a result, others are unfairly judged and labeled based on their weight and size alone. Media has made society believe that being thinner or more muscular will bring happiness, success, and acceptance by others. Cultural differences also play a role in body image. Numerous research studies on body image have shown that girls that are from ethnic backgrounds such as Afro-American and Chinese-Americans, for example showed to have a higher self-esteem relating to their body image compared to those of young white American girls in the same age group (Eating Disorders Information). The reason is that few of the girls from these ethnic backgrounds rarely compared themselves to the images displayed in the magazines or television; they did not view these figures as realistic role models. The media is doing grave damage to the way that young girls view beauty, but this image could be reversed by positive affirmations by older women who inspire their young lives. Positive affirmation should be given to young girls in regards to their body image when ever possible. Although it is difficult to totally avoid the media’s negative messages, there are ways that people can have a healthy view of themselves despite this disillusionment. One of the ways to protect self-esteem and body image from the often narrow definitions of beauty and acceptability is to become a critical viewer of the messages that our society is bombarded with each day. Media messages about body shape affect the way people feel about their appearance, but only if they allow themselves to be vulnerable enough to believe it. Some other ways that people can have a healthy body image is to focus on the positives, put energy use to something more constructive than the latest diet fads, be a critical media consumer, and most importantly, live a healthy lifestyle. It is very obvious that media plays a major role in body image and eating disorders. The fad begins with a diet, or wanting to look a certain way that was seen somewhere in the media, when before long it tends to get out of control leading to a full blown eating disorder. Of course, the media alone is not the only thing to blame, but it is certainly a contributing factor that affects the majority of Americans daily. Fortunately, with the help and support of friends and family, it is possible to fight the negative messages portrayed in our society and live a healthy and happy life. What is important to realize is that unrealistic advertisements are posted all around society as a means for the media to make a profit, not to strengthen one’s self worth. When people begin to fully comprehend this counterfeit strategy, the focus will stray from the effort to be thin and lean more towards to effort to be healthy. .