Analysis of as new park case study Essay

Examination of as new park contextual investigation Presentation  The arranging procedure includes designers, networks, specialists, organizers, and government. The inclusion of the considerable number of partners in arranging process guarantees that a task is decidedly actualized in the open interests (Carmona, 2010). The new undertaking would start as an improvement the old city. The old city was generally utilized by ladies and kids. In spite of the fact that it was created 30 years prior, it despite everything stayed as the best decision for the individuals living at its region. It shaped the best diversion community for individuals during warm winter season. The new park would supplant the old trees, grass, and construct new shades and structures that would be utilized to conceal individuals during sweltering climate. The case included shut down of the old city for a long time and movement of individuals living around the city to put where there were no social enhancements, for example, schools and diversion focus. The case speaks to of un scrupulous issues that relates to urban arranging apparent through the engineers.  The moral issues incorporate conclusion of the city and denying individuals their recreational office. The new park advancement would deny individuals an opportunity to make the most of their recreational offices, which is expertly unscrupulous to an engineer. Furthermore, the engineer would demolish people’s legacy on old trees and grass. The advanced structures would annihilate the old trees and grass legacy in the new park. In addition, it isn't moral to move individuals from their own customary range of familiarity where they delighted in social conveniences, for example, schools, parks and different foundations such other shopping centers to a spot where they no longer appreciate the courtesies. The demonstration is accepted to on personal circumstances that couldn't care less about other network. In arranging process, it is significant for organizers and engineers to consider proficient morals while executing their city arranging with the goal that regard among netwo rks and the influenced individuals is looked after (Allen, 2009).  For this situation, the most plausible arrangement would be first to build up the territory where the two networks would be moved before moving them. It would be generally fitting if the legislature could begin by creating foundations, for example, streets, schools, medical clinics, and recreational focuses before uprooting individuals in towns if the new park would not be avoidable. Then again, another park could be grown somewhere else and the former one be revamped to keep up national legacy. Additionally, the old park redesign ought not be shut for a significant stretch and should engineers ought to permit individuals to get to the recreation center considerably under developments. The remodel of the recreation center would guarantee that the national legacy on customary trees and grass would not be crushed along these lines keep up it as method of securing the nations indigenous species. This would guarantee that individuals are not moved from their unique safe place. Thusly, advancement of region that the two networks were moved would guarantee that the communities’ expectations for everyday comforts would not be influenced with the exception of their topographical move. The move would keep up the regard between the networks, organizers, designers and architects as their lives won't be influenced.  The arrangement approach where the organizers would guarantee that all the social luxuries are created before migration would guarantee that the expert code of morals on the cognizant on the privilege of an outsider would be maintained (American Planning Association, 2009). Also, the code of morals on reasonably managing all the individuals engaged with the procedure will be exceptionally maintained. Be that as it may, the estimation of expert code of morals on legacy will be abused through choosing another park and indigenous trees will be obliterated. The organizers will have settled on sure that the dynamic procedure includes all the gathering and in this manner nobody would be contrarily influenced by the new venture. So also, the second methodology of choosing the new park somewhere else would guarantee proficient code of morals for organizers to guarantee social equity and obligation not to hindrance individuals would be maintained. This arrangement would guarantee that ind ividuals are not moved and simultaneously the national legacy is kept up. The estimation of legacy that is credited to indigenous trees will be maintained while that of greatness structure and refreshed structure will be disregarded (American Planning Association, 2009).  Both arrangements would limit the negative effects of the arranging in the city. Notwithstanding, the best arrangement will be to plan and develop the new park somewhere else close to the old park. The answers for arranging question defend the privileges of the individuals and the expert morals of the organizers (Staatskoerant, 2011).The old park must be redesigned with the goal that the legacy of the city will be maintained. Correspondingly, there would be movement of individuals to new zones and in this way they will be genuinely rewarded and their lives won't be influenced. Also, the arrangement will guarantee that individuals are not denied their privileges to have a good time during winter. Remodel for the old park should be possible during summer when individuals are not utilizing the recreation center with the goal that they would not be constrained access during winter. The move will affect decidedly to individuals living there and would hold the regard of networks to des igners.  The arrangement would restrict the organizers, designers and specialists from executing their own structure and arranging of the city. Also, the individuals would not get an opportunity to appreciate an advanced office. Notwithstanding, there would at present be an opportunity for them to build another park somewhere else in the city and increment the quantity of parks. One that would be wealthy in legacy and there other one would be present day. In spite of the fact that space and zone distribution might be an issue, another park somewhere else would stand apart for this case. End  taking everything into account, it tends to be noticed that organizers, designers and architects ought to exceptionally consider proficient morals when completing new undertakings that would affect contrarily to people in general. All arranging procedures ought to include all partners and reasonable execution of the task ought to be considered to keep away from unscrupulous issues that are prove on account of new park advancement. References Allen, J. (2009). Event arranging: Ethics and decorum : a principled way to deal with the matter of uncommon occasion the board. Mississauga, Ont: Wiley. American Planning Association,. (2009). AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. Planning.org. Recovered 13 May 2014, from http://www.planning.org/morals/ethicscode.htm Carmona, M. (2010). Open spots, urban spaces: the element of urban structure. Oxon: Routledge. Staatskoerant,. (2011). Code of morals and expert lead for the urban and local arranging calling. Gov.za. Recovered 13 May 2014, from http://www.gov.za/archives/download.php?f=147400 Source record

Television Essays - Television Technology, Television,

TV TV We have in any event a TV in our home. TV permits us to hear and consider occasions to be soon as they occur. In the event that our grandmother's mom or father see TV, they'll suprised and state 'This is diablo's machine!'. We sit in front of the TV in any event two hour in a day. HOW WORKS TV? At the point when a TV program is communicated the sound and picture are conveyed all the while by two distinctive radio frameworks. The TV camera snaps the photo. Camera is the most significant piece of the camera. The light from the item is permitted to fall on a light sensivite plate situated inside the camera tube by the focal point. This plate comprises of thousands of light sensivite particles which go about as photoelectric cells. Each photoelectric cell radiates electrons in a similar extent as the light falling on it. This structures a picture on the plate. The splendid and dim spots structure an electric flow which leaves the transmitter as transporter waves. These waves are gotten by the collector. The TV collector gets both the sound and the image. The radio wire of the TV set gets the frail current and passes it to a cathode beam tube which is known as the image tube. The electron pillar filters the screen of the image tube in the very same manner that it checked the objective of the camera tube and an image is shaped on TV screen. The picture on the screen changes 25 times each second and, since we can't distinguish singular pictures moving at this speed, we see a consistently moving picture. WHO INVENTED THE TV? TV wasn't developed by a man. Numerous individuals helped for imagining TV. (For instance German Nipkow (1884) , Russian Rosing (1911) , American Zworikin...) Designers 1884?Nipkow**German** 1911?Rosing**Russian**-Zworikin**American** 1923-1928?Baird**English** 1923-1928?Barthelemy-Halweck**French** Television's STEPS in WORLD ? N?PKOW He made a TV and he developed examining plate with gaps. ? ROS?NG and ZWORYK?N They imagined first vision on screen. ? BAIRD and HALWECK-BARTHELEMY Baird in England , Halweck and Barthelemy in France transmit obscure dreams with radioelectiric waves. ? 1947 The dreams turned out to be clear dreams ? 1951 Shaded TV was imagined. ? 1953 and 1962 Eurovision in 1953 , Mondovision in 1962 were communicated and TV turned into a significant thing in world. Television's STEPS in TURKEY ? 1963 Instruction community for TV was builded. ? 1966 A little telecaster was purchased for Ankara and began shut telecom. ? 1984 We began hued broadcasting.

Buy Book Reports Online at Affordable Prices

Buy Book Reports Online at Affordable Prices Book Reports Online Home›Book Reports OnlineWhy You Should Buy a Book Report OnlineIt is not a secret that the process of education is rather tough nowadays since students have to complete a great number of tasks within short deadlines. Being under the constant pressure, learners do not want to miss a wonderful opportunity to purchase book reports online written from scratch. Hundreds of students come to us every day in order to get professional assistance in writing different academic papers. We provide them with top quality services and help achieve the set goals!   Many students are wondering where they can buy book reports that will be of high quality and written according to the book report requirements. Students are afraid of the risks they may face when they find some book report writing service. There are many cases when students became victims of frauds when they wanted to buy book reports and placed orders at online writing companies. Some customers received a book repor t that was heavily plagiarized or was already submitted by another client. Therefore, the reasons why students feel so cautious when they buy book reports are evident. It is not a secret that you are required to read many books when taking a course. What is more, professors believe that you will analyze every single book thoroughly and comprehensively. Oftentimes, your teachers want you to write a summary of the book to prove that you have really read it from cover to cover. Students have encountered a dilemma: is it worth to risk money and buy the book report from some book report writing service?Book report writing can be so inspiring if you know how to do it right.  But if you dont? We recommend you not to wait for motivation or inspiration.  We can write an excellent book report right now. (Only Reliable Payment Systems)When you face such a situation, come to QualityCustomEssays.com  to buy a book report online. One of our professionals will write an excellent summary that is fu ll of details. In addition, the usage of relevant quotes and citations is ensured. Our writers know how to come up with a high quality book report since they have written thousands of papers for our valued customers. To make sure that we provide first-class book reports, check our samples. Rest assured that we tell the truth! Thus, do not hesitate to order a supreme quality essay at QualityCustomEssays.com.Excellent Book Report Writing

Hiv / Aids And Malaria - 1598 Words

Since 2013, the UK has a populations of 63,136 thousands, with a median age of 40 years. The number of births in the country is 770.3 thousands, while the number of deaths is 560 thousands. The at-birth life expectancy for both sexes is currently 81, while women appear to have a higher life expectancy than males. Despite the late life expectancy age, there are a number of diseases that greatly influence the UK’s health status. Among the UK’s top global health issues, cardiovascular disease (CVD) ranks among the top health issue throughout the country. This is perfectly reflected as a major global health problem as the World Health Organization considers cardiovascular diseases the main cause of death globally. Other major global health issues are much less prominent in the UK, such as HIV/AIDS and Malaria. Despite the UK’s miniscule presence of HIV/AIDS and Malaria, the UK has become a leading country within the Western countries in the management of preventable diseases, considering the top five fatal diseases: stroke, heart disease, cancer, lung and liver disease. Cumulatively, these diseases cause over 150,000 deaths per year within people under the age of 75 years old. Furthermore, approximately 30,000 of the deaths are completely preventable, according to UK’s Department of Health. Within respiratory diseases, the most prominent ones are Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COP D) and asthma, with 6% of the population having asthma and over 3 million of the populationShow MoreRelatedThe United Nation s Millennium Development Goals1021 Words   |  5 PagesUK’s Millennium Development, goal number six, is the combat of diseases such as HIV/AIDS and malaria in all countries. There are many countries that have made significant progress in the combat of disease; Nigeria is no exception. This is due to Nigeria exponentially increasing there treatment and counseling facilities for HIV/AIDS, along with the distribution of millions of insecticide-treated products to combat malaria. However, this doesn’t mean that their fight is over; and there are many waysRead MoreHealth Issues in Africa1611 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerns are HIV/AIDS, malaria, smoking related disease, and tuberculosis, just to name a few of them but all of which affect the non-white population more than the white; apart form these. HIV/AIDS in Africa The rise of sickness in Africa today is mainly caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). AIDS is the number one killer in African society today. As many as 5.7 million people were living with HIV and AIDS in South AfricaRead MoreThe Importance Of Domestic Funding For The Global HIV And AIDS Response Program815 Words   |  4 PagesFunding for the global HIV and AIDS response program in 2013 was relatively the highest with 19.1 billion US dollars disposed at middle and low level income states. However, the process of gathering resources towards this program has improved significantly. 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The eight goals are, to eradicate hunger and extreme poverty, achieve universal pri mary education, empower women and promote gender equality, lessen the deaths in children, improve the health of mothers, combat diseases for example HIV/AIDS and malaria, to make sure there is environmental sustainability, and have a global partnership for development (WHO 2015). All of the MDGs are influenced by health, and MDG influence health. An example of this would be, children learn better whenRead MoreHealth Care Of Keny A Public Health Problem Essay1118 Words   |  5 PagesHealth care in Kenya Tropical diseases, especially malaria and tuberculosis, have long been a public health problem in Kenya. In recent years, infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), also has become a severe problem. Estimates of the incidence of infection differ widely. 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HIV is the third leading cause of deaths in Nigeria and account for 9% of all deaths (CDC, 2013). HIV is the virus that causes AIDS, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It can be contracted through the exchange of bodily fluids with another infected individual. In Nigeria, the spread of HIV occurs through high prostitution rates, unsafe sexual practices, bloodRead MoreSocial Determinants Of Health May Influence The Burden Of Disease On Global Health1154 Words   |  5 Pagesand clean water, knowledge of health care needs, and the countries’ ability to provide adequate health care to their citizens. Therefore, certain diseases are more prevalent in poor countries versus wealthy countries (Moss, 2015). For example, HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and tuberculosis are major killers in low-income countries. Moreover, some preventable diseases are also prevalent in the low-income countries, such as lower respiratory infections, diarrheal disease, premature and low weight births, and neonatalRead MoreThe Millennium Developmen t Goals : A Global Vision For The Future1447 Words   |  6 Pagesfuture. In the following years, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) evolved in an effort to save the Declaration from slipping into oblivion. They created a momentum that brought the issue of development back on the international agenda, overcame aid fatigue and galvanized the public. With the MDGs’ expiration date of 2015 fast approaching, the world community is focusing on the development of a post-2015 agenda. This paper seeks to contribute to this process by highlighting the main strengths and

How Can Feed The World - 1248 Words

How to Feed the World What do you think this picture shows? It looks like a factory farm, right? As much as it may surprise you, this is what most free range farms look like. Before I explain the picture I want to ask you a question. Which sounds more concerning: a) more than 1.2 billion people live off under 50 pence a day or b) Africa uses less than 3% of the world’s energy, despite having 12.5% of the world’s population? Studies show that in the 1990s more than 3 billion people were suffering from poverty. As the population boom continues to progress, that number is on the increase. Soon, the struggle to feed everyone will become ever more discernible. Food is arguably the most important fuel to keep our bodies functioning; without†¦show more content†¦It prompts us to look at it. Buy it. But is it really the best option to keep us alive? Multiple studies show that intensive farming could be the only way to supply our ever-growing population. It’s bad; it’s cruel; it’s unhealthy. Intensive farming often receive bad press for animal cruelty, but what people do not realise is that most of these facilities actually treat their animals better than most free range farms. As our population grows, it will become much harder to supply food for you and me using free range farming. Some people refuse to believe it, but intensive farming provides us with over double the amount of meat as free range farming does. It is no different for crops. Statistics prove that intensive farming produces a much higher crop yield than our traditional methods. This is allows to maximised land use, meaning more crops can be produced in the same area. Therefore, leads to economies of scale and directly contributes towards meeting the ever-growing demand for food supplies. Furthermore, this will mean that we can supply more food at a cheaper price for those living in poverty. Today, many intensively farmed crops are genetically mo dified. This may sound horrifying, but these plants often contain more vitamins and fibres than the average carrot or cabbage. Also, due to its modified genes, they can grow: faster, bigger, and tastier. Some customers are put off by this, but they allow us to

Assessment for Learning †the Case for Formative Assessment Free Essays

ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING – THE CASE FOR FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT This paper provides findings on assessment for learning, It begins with analysis of the formative approach in exemplary practice carried out in secondary schools in eight education systems. The second half of the paper comprises key analyses on formative assessment in adult language, literacy, and numeracy provision, and a framework for strengthening policy and practice across the sector as well as for building the evidence base. Assessment is vital to the education process. We will write a custom essay sample on Assessment for Learning – the Case for Formative Assessment or any similar topic only for you Order Now In schools, the most visible assessments are summative. Summative assessments are used to measure what students have learnt at the end of a unit, to promote students, to ensure they have met required standards on the way to earning certification for school completion or to enter certain occupations, or as a method for selecting students for entry into further education. Ministries or departments of education may use summative assessments and evaluations as a way to hold publicly funded schools accountable for providing quality education. Increasingly, international summative assessments – such as OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) – have been important for comparing national education systems to developments in other countries. But assessment may also serve a formative function. In classrooms, formative assessment refers to frequent, interactive assessments of student progress and understanding to identify learning needs and adjust teaching appropriately. Teachers using formative assessment approaches and techniques are better prepared to meet diverse students’ needs – through differentiation and adaptation of teaching to raise levels of student achievement and to achieve a greater equity of student outcomes. But there are major barriers to wider practice, including perceived tensions between classroom-based formative assessments, and high visibility summative tests to hold schools accountable for student achievement, and a lack of connection between systemic, school and classroom approaches to assessment and evaluation. The principles of formative assessment may be applied at the school and policy levels, to identify areas for improvement and to promote effective and constructive cultures of evaluation throughout education systems. More consistent use of formative assessment throughout education systems may help stakeholders address the very barriers to its wider practice in classrooms. This overview shows how formative assessment promotes the goals of lifelong learning, including higher levels of student achievement, greater equity of student outcomes, and improved learning to learn skills. The chapter then discusses barriers to wider practice of formative assessment and ways in which those barriers can be addressed, and outlines the study scope and methodology. Meeting goals for lifelong learning Each of the national and regional governments participating in this study promotes formative How to cite Assessment for Learning – the Case for Formative Assessment, Essay examples

Medias Effect on Body Image and Eating Disorders free essay sample

Being voluptuous was a sign of wealth and beauty. Women were not obsessed with diet fads, or trying to look a certain way, but were more concerned with eating healthy and were comfortable with the natural body shape given to them by God. Since 1970, eating disorders have increased by 400% (Rader). What has happened since then to shift the emphasis from a healthy feeling of self worth to a need to fit the description of the standard set by the media? The media realized that fit people sell products, and suddenly being stick thin has become the standard for being considered attractive. It has become more popular to have thin models in magazines and on TV commercials, and as time has passed it seems as if the models are getting thinner and more emaciated. Now, it is seen everywhere in our society, and there is no way to avoid it. False ideas about body image are portrayed everywhere, giving people distorted ideas about reality and causing several problems. To illustrate how much emphasis is constantly placed on appearance, an article found in the Eating Disorder Referral and Information Center states that â€Å"one out of every four television commercials send out some sort of message about attractiveness† (Body Image). Teenage girls are striving to look a way that is not even realistic and are taking drastic measures to reach their desired body weight. Unfortunately, when these teens realize they are not achieving it the way they had hoped, body dissatisfaction begins and often leads to eating disorders. Eating disorders are a serious health problem that is rapidly increasing in the United States each and every day. Not only are they seen in women, they are additionally found in men as well. Researchers at Harvard University Medical School have new data that suggests that up to 25 percent of adults with eating disorders are male (General Information). Due to that information, it is obvious that eating disorders are less frequent in men, but in no way are they absent. The rationale for this difference in genders may perhaps be because of the way society views males and females. When reading an article by the National Eating Disorders Association, it has been seen that clinics and counselors see many more females than males, but that may be because males are reluctant to confess having what has become known as a womens problem. Also, health professionals do not expect to see eating disorders in males and may therefore under diagnose them (Eating Disorders Information). â€Å"Because eating disorders have been described as female problems, males are often exceedingly reluctant to admit that they are in trouble and need help. In addition, most treatment programs and support groups have been designed for females and are populated exclusively by females. Males report feeling uncomfortable and out of place in discussions of lost menstru al periods, womens socio-cultural issues, female-oriented advertising, and similar topics† (General Information). Besides adults having struggles with the issue of body image, whether it is men or women, it seems as if more children at younger ages are beginning to develop abnormal eating patterns in order to achieve a certain body weight. Young girls tend to pick up the message from their parents, the media, and role models that to be thin is not only desirable, it is required. An interesting statistic found in a book written by Carolyn Costin states that â€Å"studies have shown that 70% to 80% of fourth graders report being on diets (Costin). When Dr. Jonathon Rader performed a study using young children he discovered that when preschool girls were offered dolls identical in every respect except weight, they preferred the thin doll 9 times out of 10 (Rader). Girls are indoctrinated at a very young age that the well known Barbie doll is how a woman is supposed to look, which includes no fat, but large breasts, and due to that false view of a woman’s body, it is more than likely that young girls today will approach puberty with a negative body image. Although children can develop eating disorders as early as 6 years old, it is typically the teen years where it becomes out of control. Dr. Jonathon Rader says that â€Å"more than half of teenaged girls are, or think they should be, on diets. They want to lose all or some of the forty pounds that females naturally gain between 8 and 14. About three percent of these teens go too far, becoming anorexic or bulimic† (Rader). Almost everyone has heard of the terms â€Å"anorexic† and â€Å"bulimic† whether it was on TV or in a magazine, but not many eople know the true facts and dangers that go along with them. They also might not even realize that there are other types of eating disorders that people are dealing with, some of which are not even specified. Exactly what are eating disorders? The Eating Disorder Referral and Information Center’s website was very informative when describing the definitions, causes, effects, and symptoms of each and every type of eating disorder. Anorexia nervosa is the proper term used, and it is one of the most common types of eating disorders. It occurs in people who are terrified of getting fat and gaining weight when in reality they are typically extremely under weight as it is. They refuse to maintain a normal body weight, and do that by not eating, eating a significantly less amount than recommended, and often over exercising. When young people are anorexic, it delays puberty for both sexes, and girls do not menstruate at the appropriate age. In addition, anorexia nervosa results in depression, irritability, withdrawal from friends, family, and activities, compulsive rituals involved with food, and strange eating patterns. Bulimia nervosa: also known as the diet-binge-purge disorder is pretty self explanatory. The person diets, becomes hungry, and then binge eats in response to powerful cravings and feelings of deprivation. They often feel out of control when eating, but have such a fear of gaining weight which causes them to do anything possible to undo the binge. Methods used to â€Å"undo the binge† include vomiting, misusing laxatives, exercising profusely, and fasting to get rid of the calories. People with bulimia nervosa often begin to act with little thought of the consequences. For example, they may shoplift, be promiscuous, and abuse alcohol, drugs and credit cards. They typically engage in risk-taking behavior and have other problems with impulse control. Although bulimics put on a brave front majority of the time, they are often depressed, lonely and ashamed. Their feelings almost always include deeply- buried anger and self- doubt, even though most would never know it due to the act they are capable of putting on. Binge eating disorder is completely opposite of anorexia nervosa, and is similar to bulimia nervosa with the exception of getting rid of the food they have consumed. Binge eaters usually have a history of failed diets, which causes them to lose hope, thus resulting in eating rapidly, secretly, and sometimes all day long. They feel out of control during a binge, but yet feel guilty and ashamed for binge eating. Most people with this eating disorder are extremely depressed and obese. There are reasons that people binge eat, which may not be understood by others but it is usually to comfort themselves or numb emotional pain. Information reported in the March 2003 New England Journal of Medicine on the EDReferral website suggests that for some people, but not all, a genetic flaw in combination with lifestyle factors can predispose to binge eating and subsequent obesity (Body Image). Not only do psychological problems exist with eating disorders, but the medical effects are on a much greater scale, and are sometimes even fatal. A few examples of some medical complications include cardiac arrest, kidney and liver damage, loss of muscle mass, destruction of teeth and hair, delayed growth, and a weakened immune system. In one study performed by the National Professional Resource Network, researchers asked women to reduce their caloric intake by 50%. After 15 weeks, the activity of their natural killer cells (a part of the immune system that combats viruses) fell 20% (Rader). Yes, a weakened immune system is a very unpleasant health issue that comes with eating disorders, but each of the effects just listed typically result in death, which is the worst consequence of them all. People with eating disorders often know the effects and consequences they are heading toward, but it does not seem change their habits of disordered eating. This makes it extremely baffling to those with normal eating patterns because it seems as if someone knows the consequences of their actions, they would not do it anymore, but unfortunately it is not that simple. There is not one designated answer as to what causes someone to develop an eating disorder, but there are many theories and interwoven factors that help explain what goes on in the mind of a person suffering from this disease. Many times, they have feelings of inadequacy, emptiness, low self esteem, or the necessity to be in control of their surroundings. Besides the psychological components mentioned, interpersonal factors play a huge role in the development of disordered eating and views on body image, whether it be due to family disharmony and troubled interpersonal relationships, or issues they faced in the past such as being ridiculed for size and weight, or physical, emotional, or sexual abuse. Anything of that nature would be very traumatic to a person and could be more easily understood for having an eating disorder, but not every person with one has had a traumatic experience in his or her life, so what exactly is the cause or the remaining people with eating disorders? They are simply believing in a myth: a myth that is portrayed everywhere that being thin is the most important quality to have, and everyone should have it. It is hard to believe that people just decide by themselves that there is a certain way to look without having any sort of influence on the matter. This â€Å"influence† should be promoting positive messages to our society, when in actuality it is giving people false hopes and ideas about life, relationships, and body image. The media is the main cause for distorted views of body image and when seeking the opinion of a professional on the matter, licensed counselor Ellen Ferry states â€Å"the media has such a great effect on body image because it is everywhere. There is not anywhere in our society that stick thin models are not posted on billboards, TV commercials, magazine covers, and so on. When the media’s messages about being thin are everywhere, it is almost impossible to be avoided and ignored† (Ferry). The media is fully aware of the amount of TV watched, and magazines read by Americans each day, making it easier for them to target such groups. Unfortunately, rather than giving supportive advice in these magazines about eating healthy and being fit, they are putting pictures of unrealistic model figures and tips on how they can achieve an identical shape. The message underlying the articles in these magazines is that one’s outward appearance should be the primary concern. Not only fashion magazines are guilty of this, but even so-called health magazines can contribute to the problem. It is said by the National Eating Disorders Association that â€Å"five years after reading magazine articles about dieting, teenage girls were more likely to control weight by fasting, vomiting, smoking cigarettes, or abusing laxatives than girls who never read such articles. † Female models have been getting thinner and thinner over the past 100 years. A century ago, the ideal body shape for a woman was fleshy and full-figured. Now, models spend a large percentage of their days engaged in activities that manipulate or shape their bodies, and photographs of models are almost always modified or enhanced in some way (Eating Disorders Information). With these media images and body ideals, it is little wonder that women and men feel inadequate, ashamed, and dissatisfied with how they look. Carolyn Costin states that statistically â€Å"the average woman is 54 tall and weighs 140 pounds. The average American model is 511 tall and weighs 117 pounds. Most fashion models are thinner than 98% of American women† (Costin). This unrealistic portrayal of physical attractiveness it not a difficult one to assess; it is simply a case of the media creating a need that isnt naturally occurring. The images seen in these advertisements are often associated with success, power, wealth, and happiness, supposedly gained by using certain products. It often appears that the media is extremely hypocritical concerning the issues of eating disorders and body image in several ways. Just recently it has become politically correct for the media to make some sort of effort to combat eating disorders such as making fun of celebrities and models struggling with eating issues to portray that it is not how someone desires to look. It has been seen in magazine articles and TV shows featuring the effects and heartbreak of anorexia and bulimia, but these efforts become ineffective when they are presented in the usual context. For example, how can one believe that a fashion magazine is truly motivated to combat anorexia when their articles about that subject are surrounded by advertisements featuring stick- thin models? How can one believe that the talk show hostess is truly in favor of strong, healthy female bodies when she frequently prods her anorexic looking body and talks about how much she wants to lose weight from her already thin frame? Because of these hypocritical portrayals of body image, it is almost impossible for people to be satisfied with their natural bodies and be proud of what they were born with. Sometimes the media make it seem as though people can completely control their own body size and can achieve the ideal thinness that is portrayed, but in fact, to a certain extent, the size and shape of a person’s body is as genetically determined as skin and eye color. It is very important to be aware of how screwy modern beauty standards have become, because if it is not recognized that this beauty ideal is unhealthy and unnatural, there is no way to have a realistic view of a healthy body. Due to the media’s strong influential power, it is hardly controversial to say that society has an unhealthy obsession with images of beauty, good looks, and the idea of perfection. In American culture there is a great amount of emphasis placed on body weight, size, and appearance. Because of this, our society is conditioned from a very young age to believe that self-worth is derived from these external characteristics. For example, being thin is somehow associated with being â€Å"successful, beautiful, strong, and self-disciplined. † On the other hand, being â€Å"fat† is associated with being â€Å"lazy, ignorant, weak, and lacking will-power. † These stereotypes are prevalent in our society; and they are reinforced by the media, our family and friends, and even well-respected health professionals. As a result, others are unfairly judged and labeled based on their weight and size alone. Media has made society believe that being thinner or more muscular will bring happiness, success, and acceptance by others. Cultural differences also play a role in body image. Numerous research studies on body image have shown that girls that are from ethnic backgrounds such as Afro-American and Chinese-Americans, for example showed to have a higher self-esteem relating to their body image compared to those of young white American girls in the same age group (Eating Disorders Information). The reason is that few of the girls from these ethnic backgrounds rarely compared themselves to the images displayed in the magazines or television; they did not view these figures as realistic role models. The media is doing grave damage to the way that young girls view beauty, but this image could be reversed by positive affirmations by older women who inspire their young lives. Positive affirmation should be given to young girls in regards to their body image when ever possible. Although it is difficult to totally avoid the media’s negative messages, there are ways that people can have a healthy view of themselves despite this disillusionment. One of the ways to protect self-esteem and body image from the often narrow definitions of beauty and acceptability is to become a critical viewer of the messages that our society is bombarded with each day. Media messages about body shape affect the way people feel about their appearance, but only if they allow themselves to be vulnerable enough to believe it. Some other ways that people can have a healthy body image is to focus on the positives, put energy use to something more constructive than the latest diet fads, be a critical media consumer, and most importantly, live a healthy lifestyle. It is very obvious that media plays a major role in body image and eating disorders. The fad begins with a diet, or wanting to look a certain way that was seen somewhere in the media, when before long it tends to get out of control leading to a full blown eating disorder. Of course, the media alone is not the only thing to blame, but it is certainly a contributing factor that affects the majority of Americans daily. Fortunately, with the help and support of friends and family, it is possible to fight the negative messages portrayed in our society and live a healthy and happy life. What is important to realize is that unrealistic advertisements are posted all around society as a means for the media to make a profit, not to strengthen one’s self worth. When people begin to fully comprehend this counterfeit strategy, the focus will stray from the effort to be thin and lean more towards to effort to be healthy. .

The Birth Mark and A Rose For Emily free essay sample

A study into the plots, themes and settings of The Birth Mark by Nathaniel Hawthorne and A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner. A paper which analyzes two stories, The Birth Mark by Nathaniel Hawthorne, about a dedicated scientist who marries a beautiful woman who has a physical defect, and his fanatical desire to remove this flaw, and A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner, a story sometimes regarded as symbolic of the changes in the South during the representative period. Thus, throughout the story, the author has painted verbally the portraits of a tragic woman, Emily, which through his images; one observes her transformation from a virginal victim to a manly murderess to a corpulent dead body. Faulkner, however, also expose the interior density through external appearance, using both imagery and structure by putting together along with dispersed image and information throughout the story to amalgamate and interpret the diverse shades of Emilys character. We will write a custom essay sample on The Birth Mark and A Rose For Emily or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, at the end of the story, the author contrasts the pictorialization of a kind Emily resting peacefully on her funeral with a plain image of love and loss, a strand of iron-gray hair resting on the yellowed pillow of an weak and powerless bridal bed. This haunting image is the final pen stroke murmuring the tribute of her tired and worn out.

Sentence and Claire Text Essay

Sentence and Claire Text Essay Sentence and Claire Text Essay 111/17 cut hand no paper work filled out no accident report given to fill out when asked about it was told we would â€Å"deal with it later† I text Claire on 12/17/14 asking her if she had filled anything out as my insurance was billed for my office visit, no response. I called out of work for 11/18 due to a family emergency and text Claire again asking if she received my text the night before, she responded â€Å"yes later† I asked her to clarify she said she would fill out the paperwork later. 11/19 talked with Claire expressing my concern with Alex, how I felt uncomfortable working in the kitchen. Talked with her about my concern with sandwiches and salads not being pulled and finding moldy ones. I asked for an 18% increase in my wage due to added responsibility and working the morning shift (3am-12p) I was told Claire would talk with bob the following day 11/20 I messaged Claire on her cell phone asking her if there was any word on my requested raise I apologized because I meant to talk with her in person but was very busy at work and Claire jetted out of the door, I was told â€Å" I am off the clock, lets talk next time† 11/24 Claire came into work today @ 6am and said we would discuss what bob had to say regarding my raise when we both had time. After Claire asked me to clocked off she asked me to go sit with her out in the food court. I led and saw Alex trotting behind Claire, I told Claire I didn’t feel comfortable talking about my wages around Alex as he is not management and I was told Alex is the Kitchen supervisor so he has a say in this. Claire immediately got to the point, saying â€Å"you need to be in your position for 90 days before you are eligible for a raise† I told Claire I couldn’t continue to work in the kitchen for 10$ an hour and I was going to have to put my two weeks in. Claire said she understood and asked if she could get my two weeks in writing, I said sure and requested to meet with bob to discuss my concerns expressed to Claire on 11/19. Claire text me saying bob will meet with me on 11/26 at 11am. 11/25 I went to the sandwich bar and found expired sandwiches that were not pulled the day before, I expressed concern with Claire and was told â€Å" I am not sure what to do about this† Alex had worked the day before and I reminded him before I left that they expired sandwiches needed to be pulled at 12p. (I text Claire at 12:25PM today to let her know I rescinded my two week notice) 11/26 Bob here today, Claire, myself and Bob all spoke in the cafeteria area in the airport. I mostly did all of the talking. I mentioned that I felt my review was extremely unfair as it was based solely on my performance in the kitchen and I had only just begun working in the kitchen (my first week working in kitchen began on (11/03/2014) I expressed how I felt uncomfortable working with Alex. My concern with the food and using old meat from expired sandwiches etc and how I felt like everything I made a complaint about him Claire always has an excuse. Bob said that when Claire approached him about my request for a raise he told her it was merit based and my

Politics - Is the War on Terror an invented conflict Essay

Politics - Is the War on Terror an invented conflict - Essay Example This single incident was by itself proof that the threat of terrorism was real enough, perceptible enough and urgent enough to merit the highest degree of priority, attention and action. â€Å"Just three days removed from these events, Americans do not yet have the distance of history. But our responsibility to history is already clear: to answer these attacks and rid the world of evil.† (Bush, 2001, pp. 5) The President then went on to state in no uncertain terms that the United States â€Å"is fighting a war against terrorism of global reach.† (Bush, 2001, pp. 5) Subsequent references to a concerted fight against terrorism on a worldwide scale by the President and others of the administration finally led to the coinage of the now formal and widely accepted term ‘Global War on Terrorism’ along with its acronym GWOT. If the 9/11 attacks were not ‘invented’, then it follows logically that all efforts to fight and eradicate those who were behind the attack and others who pursue the path of terrorism, are also real enough. The objective of this paper is to present an analysis of what makes the Global War on Terrorism a very real effort fighting a very real danger to the world. The paper will, however, also examine the drawbacks and weaknesses in the formulation of GWOT, that have resulted in the misconception that the entire effort is an invented one – that it is the fantasy of some collective devious mind. In order to be able to do so, we must first examine what is exactly implied by the term ‘Global War on Terrorism’. ‘War’ as implied in the GWOT is a very different kind of war compared to conventional warfare. Traditionally, war has involved military conflict between well defined entities such as states or insurgent groups trying to take over the control of a state. The primary medium for war has been combat between fielded military forces, be they regular (state) or

Red tails the movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Red tails the movie - Essay Example This war movie cleverly shows how the issue of racism still plagues the America of the 1944. African American recruits pass through an arduous journey on the ground; army procedures block them at many stages, before their training as fighter pilots. Tuskegee training program is plagued with racist approach. In the end, 332d Fighter Group is sent for action in Italy with an old model Curtiss P-40 Warhawk aircraft. Even in designating actions, discrimination comes to the fore. They are assigned unimportant missions. But a fighter pilot takes pride in the main, one-to-one actions. The military bureaucracy is still not willing to accept the merit of the black pilots and concludes that they cannot be good for challenging war scenes as compared to their white-counterparts. Racism is an issue, but it takes the backseat, adventure and love come to the fore once the movie gets going. This aspect is shown through the arguments and conflicts between two roommates and intimate pals, Easy and Lig hting. They are trying to come to terms with evil in their hearts and demonic weaknesses. Lighting is a dashing pilot, often reckless; acts rash to take adventurous decisions, while Easy is given to drinks and less confident. On completion of an allotted mission, Lighting spies a charming Italian girl, Sofia (Daniela Ruah). Instant infatuation engulfs his heart and he begins a relationship. Next, Tuskegee Airmen are given the task to support the Allied landings and score their first victories and are instrumental in destroying an enemy airbase. The Airmen’s performances win appreciation and they are given important tasks. They are also given the new North American P-51 Mustang aircraft. They color the tails of their aircrafts red as a distinctive mark of identification. They achieve success in the assigned tasks. In one such mission, Ray Gun is shot down and he bails out and Deke crash-lands and faces a near-death situation. Ray Gun is presumed to have died by the

International marketing research

International marketing research Introduction One of the most striking developments of recent decades has been the globalization of business. The growth of world trade requires more information about foreign markets and companies which expand into new and unknown markets must possess the information about the demand and conditions of these markets. Companies invade not only into such developed markets as Europe, US and Japan, but also into the unstable but growing markets of Latin America, the politically uncertain markets of the Middle East and Russia, and the rapidly changing markets of South East Asia and the emerging African markets[1]. The development of new communication and information technologies change the lifestyle, consumption behavior and purchasing patterns of different nations. All this indicates that the marketing research in global environment has become essential. The purpose of this paper is to give definition of the international marketing research and describe the factors which influence the marketing research in different countries. The paper also deals with the steps of international marketing research process and its main categories. The advantages and disadvantages of collecting secondary and primary data and survey methods of international marketing research are presented in the paper. Finally, the problems which may occur in the international marketing research are summed up. 1. Marketing Research in a Global Environment Marketing research practices and techniques have become truly global. For example, the worlds largest research firm, Nielsen, is headquartered in the U.S. but derives almost two-thirds of its revenue from outside the U.S. It is standardizing much of the data it routinely collects in 27 different countries. International marketing managers make the same basic types of decisions as do those who operate in only one country. Of course, they make these decisions in a more complicated environment. As with marketing decisions, the basic function of marketing research and the research process does not differ between domestic and multinational research. However, the process is complicated almost exponentially as more and more countries are involved in the same decision. The main factors which influence the marketing research in different countries are 1. Cultural differences. Culture refers to widely shared norms or patterns of behavior of a large group of people[2]. It is the values, attitudes, beliefs, artifacts and other meaningful symbols represented in the pattern of life adopted by people that help them interpret, evaluate and communicate as members of society[3]. A company which works on the international market is in need of cross cultural awareness. Cross cultural differences (language, non-verbal communication, different norms and values) may cause cross cultural blunders. There are examples of cultural blunders in the marketing mix. Product. When a soft drink was launched in Arab countries, it has a label with six-pointed stars. The sales were very low as the stars were associated with Israel. Price. An American firm was willing to set a reasonable price for the product they intended to sell to the Japanese. A detailed presentation was made to the Japanese businessmen, but it was followed by a deep silence. The Americans thought that the Japanese were going to reject the price and offered a lower price. The Japanese kept silence again. After that the Americans lowered the price again saying that it was the lowest they could sell at. After a brief silence the offer was accepted. Later the Japanese confessed that the first offered price was quite acceptable, but they had a tradition to think over the offer silently. An American company suffered great losses in this case. Place. A company wanted to enter the Spanish market with two-liter drinks bottles and failed. Soon they found out that Spaniards prefer small door fridges and they could not put large bottles into them. Promotion. Pepsico came to Taiwan with the ad Come Alive with Pepsi. They could not imagine that is it translated Pepsi will bring your relatives back from the dead into Chinese. 2. Racial Differences. This refers to the differences in physical features of people in different countries[4]. For example, types of hair cut and cosmetic products differ greatly in various countries. 3. Climatic Differences. These are the meteorological conditions such as temperature range or degree of rain. For example, Bosch-Siemens adapted their washing machines to the markets they sell. In Scandinavia, where there are very few sunny days, they sell washing machines with a minimum spin cycle of 1,000 rpm and a maximum of 1,600 rpm, whereas in Italy and Spain a spin cycle of 500 rpm is enough. 4. Economic Differences. Economic development of various countries is different and when a company introduces a new product it adapts it to that new market. There are factors which show the level of economic development Buying power and revenue of the market. In developed countries with higher income of revenue people prefer complicated product with advanced functions, while in poor countries simple product are preferable. The infrastructure of the market. Such elements of the infrastructure of the country as transport, communication system and others influence the product. When Suzuki entering the Indian market the suspension was reinforced as the state of roads in India is very poor. 5. Religious Differences. Religion affects the product greatly and makes companies adapt their product to religious norms. If a company exports grocery products to Islamic countries it must have a special certificate indicating that the animal was slaughtered according to Halal methods. 6. Historical Differences. Historical differences affect the consumer behavior. For instance, Scotch whiskey is considered fashionable in Italy and not very trendy in Scotland. 7. Language Differences. The correct translation and language adaptation is very important. For example, when Proctor Gamble entered the Polish markets it translated properly its labels but failed. Later they found out that imperfect language must have been used in order to show that the company fits in. Besides the differences mentioned above, there may be differences in the way that products or services are used, differences in the criteria for assessing products or services across various markets and differences in market research facilities and capabilities[5]. 2. International Marketing Research Process a. International Marketing Research Categories International marketing research is the systematic design, collection, recording, analysis, interpretation, and reporting of information pertinent to a particular marketing decision facing a company operating internationally. International marketing managers need to constantly monitor the different forces affecting their international operations[6]. There are three general categories of research based on the type of information required. Exploratory research deals with discovering the general nature of the problem and the variables that relate to it. Exploratory research is characterized by a high degree of flexibility, and it tends to rely on secondary data, convenience or judgment samples, small-scale surveys or simple experiments, case analyses, and subjective evaluation of the results. Descriptive research is focused on the accurate description of the variables in the problem model. Consumer profile studies, market-potential studies, product-usage studies, attitude surveys, sales analyses, media research, and price surveys are examples of descriptive research. Any source of information can be used in a descriptive study, although most studies of this nature rely heavily on secondary data sources and survey research. Causal research attempts to specify the nature of the functional relationship between two or more variables in the problem model. For example, studies on the effectiveness of advertising generally attempt to discover the extent to which advertising causes sales or attitude change. There are three types of evidence to make inferences about causation: (1) concomitant variation, (2) sequence of occurrence, and (3) absence of other potential casual factors. Concomitant variation, or invariant association, is a common basis for ascrib ­ing cause. For example, the advertising expenditures vary across a number of geographic areas and measure sales in each area. To the extent that high sales occur in areas with large advertising expenditures and low sales occur in areas with limited advertising expenditures, it is inferred that advertising is a cause of sales. It must be stressed that this have been only inferred, it is not proved that increased advertising causes increased sales. Sequence of occurrence can also provide evidence of causation. For one event to cause another, it must always precede it. An event that occurs after another event cannot be said to cause the first event. The importance of sequence can be demonstrated in the last example of advertising causing sales. It is supposed that further investigation showed that the advertising allocation to the geo ­graphic regions had been based on the last periods sales such that the level of advertising was directly related to past sales. Suddenly, the nature of our causal relationship is reversed. Now, because of the sequence of events, it can be inferred that changes in sales levels cause changes in advertising levels. A final type of evidence that is used to infer causality is the absence of other potential causal factors. That is, if one could logically or through our research design eliminate all possible causative factors except the one he/she is interested in, he/she would have established that the variable he/she is concerned with was the causative factor. Unfortunately, it is never possible to control completely or to eliminate all possible causes for any particular event. Always there is a possibility that some factor of which one is not aware has influenced the results. However, if all reasonable alternatives are eliminated except one, one can have a high degree of confidence in the remaining variable. b. Steps of International Marketing Research Process The international marketing research process as well as domestic one is a serious of separate steps. However, the international marketing research process has some peculiarities such as the national differences between countries arising out of political, legal, economic, social and cultural differences and, the comparability of research results due to these differences[7]. Step 1. Research Problem Definition. Problem definition is the most critical part of the research process. Research problem definition involves specifying the information needed by manage ­ment. Unless the problem is properly defined, the information produced by the research process is unlikely to have any value. Step 2. Information Value Estimation. Information has value only to the extent that it improves decisions. The value of information increases as (1) the cost of a wrong de ­cision increases, (2) our level of knowledge as to the correct decision de ­creases, and (3) the accuracy of the information the research will provide increases. The principle involved in deciding whether to do more research is that research should be conducted only when the value of the information to be obtained is expected to be greater than the cost of obtaining it. Step 3. Selection of the Data Collection Approach. There are three basic data collection approaches in international marketing research: (1) secondary data, (2) survey data, and (3) experimental data. Secondary data were collected for other purpose than helping to solve the current problem. Primary data are collected expressly to help solve the problem at hand. Survey and experimental data are therefore secondary data if they were collected earlier for another study; they are primary data if they were collected for the present one. Secondary data are virtually always collected first because of their time and cost advantages. Step 4. Measurement Technique Selection. Four basic measurement techniques are used in marketing research: (1) questionnaires, (2) attitude scales, (3) observation, and (4) depth interviews and projec ­ts techniques. As with selecting the data collection method, selection of a measurement technique is influenced primarily by the nature of the information required and secondarily by the value of the information. Step 5. Sample Selection. Most marketing studies involve a sample or subgroup of the total population relevant to the problem, rather than a census of the entire group. The popu ­lation is generally specified as a part of the problem definition process. Step 6. Selection of Methods of Analyses. Data are useful only after analysis. Data analysis involves converting a series of recorded observations into descriptive statements and/or inferences about relationships. The types of analyses, which can be conducted, depend on the nature of the sampling process, measurement instrument, and the data collection method. Step 7. Evaluation of the Ethics of the Research. It is essential that marketing researchers restrict their research activities to practices that are ethically sound. Ethically sound research considers the interests of the general public, the respondents, the client, and the research profession as well as those of the researcher. Step 8. Estimation of Time and Financial Requirements. Time refers to the time needed to complete the project. The financial requirement is the monetary representation of personnel time, computer time, and mate ­rials requirements. The time and finance requirements are not independent. Step 9. Preparation of Research Proposal. The research design process provides the researcher with a blueprint, or guide, for conducting and controlling the research project. This blueprint is written in the form of a research proposal. A written research proposal should precede any research project. The re ­search proposal helps ensure that the decision maker and the researcher are still in agreement on the basic management problem, the information re ­quired, and the research approach. 3. International Secondary Data Sources 1. The Nature of International Secondary Data Secondary data for international marketing decisions are subject to some disadvantages. Unfortunately, many of the disadvantages are multiplied when the data involve more countries. An additional problem is that most secondary data are available only in the host countrys language. Thus, multi-country searches require utilizing specializing firms or maintaining a multilingual staff. Data availability, recency, accessibility, and accuracy vary widely from country to country. Until recently, there were few commercial databases in Japan because of the difficulty of using Japanese characters on computers. Now the problem is resolved. The Japanese government prepares many potentially useful reports, but even Japanese firms seldom use them because they are poorly organized and indexed. Secondary data in many non-democracies often reflect political interests more closely than reality. In general, the amount of secondary data available in a country varies directly with its level of economic development. Even when the accurate data are accessible, it may not be possible to make multinational comparisons. Data from several countries may not be comparable because the data were collected at different times, use different units of measurement, cover slightly different topics, or define the classes (such as age groups) differently. This has become a major problem in the European Community as firms begin to analyze the market as a whole rather than as a collection of individual countries. To resolve part of the problem, ESOMAR has proposed a standardized set of questions to gather demographic data in both government and private surveys. Similar work is underway in Brazil, India, and the Middle East. 2. Internal Sources of International Secondary Data The internal sources of data for international decisions can be classified into four broad categories accounting records, sales force reports, miscellaneous records and internal experts. However, utilizing international internal data can be difficult. Different accounting systems, decentralized (often on a country basis) management and information systems, sales forces organized by country or region, and so forth, all this increases the difficulty of acquiring and using internal data in a timely manner. To deal with these problems global firms implement international information systems and require some standardization across countries in terms of internal recordkeeping and reporting. 3. External Sources of International Secondary Data For a example, when a company starts an external search for international secondary data it consults general guides to this type of data, such as International Marketing Handbook of the US Department of Commerces International Trade Administration, The World of Information (Africa Guide), or it contacts Euromonitor, the leading provider of world business information and market analysis. An alternative to conducting such a search in house is to use a specialist firm such as PricewaterhouseCoopers and McKinsey. a) Databases Both ABI (Abstract Business Information)/Inform, which contains 150-word abstracts of articles published in about 1,300 business publications worldwide, and Predicasts, which provides 11 on-line databases, have significant international content in their bibliographic databases. Predicasts coverage is particularly good and it is growing rapidly. In fact, half its information is on companies and industries from outside the U.S. Its major bibliographic database, PROMPT, contains material from all over the world. Both Infomat International Business and Worldcasts are focused on compa ­nies, products, industries, economies, and so forth outside the U.S. Predi ­casts also has separate FS Indexes for Europe and for the rest of the world excluding Europe and the U.S. A major advantage of these abstracts is that they are all in English. Copies of the entire articles are gen ­erally available in the original language. ( Table 1, Appendix) b) Foreign Government Sources All developed countries provide census-type data on their populations. However, the frequency of data collection and the type and amount of data collected vary widely from country to country. Germany went 17 years be ­tween its last two censuses, and Holland has not conducted a census in 20 years. The U.S. collects income data in its census and marketers make extensive use of it. Most other nations, including Japan, Britain, France, Spain, and Italy, do not. (Australia, Mexico, Sweden, and Finland do.) While the Scan ­dinavian countries, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand publish English-language versions of their main census reports, most countries report them only in their home language. c) International Political Organizations Three major international political organizations provide significant amounts of data relevant to international marketing activities. The United Nations and its related organization, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, provide hundreds of publications dealing with the population, economic, and social conditions of over 200 countries. The World Bank lends funds, provides advice, and serves as a catalyst to stimulate investments in developing nations. To carry out its missions, it collects substantial amounts of useful data which can be purchased inexpen ­sively. The Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) con ­sists of 24 economically developed countries with the mission of promoting the members economic and social welfare by coordinating national policies. As part of this mission, it publishes reports on a broad range of socioeconomic topics involving its members and the developing nations. 4. Issues in International Primary Data Collection Primary data are the data collected to help solve a problem or take advantage of an opportunity on which a decision is pending[8]. The main advantage of primary data lies in the fact that it is collected for solving the exact problem and that is why it is characterized by high usefulness and novelty. The disadvantage is that the costs of collecting primary data are much higher in foreign developing markets as there is the lack of an appropriate marketing research infrastructure[9]. The international primary data is collected with the help of qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Qualitative research is particularly used as a first step in studying international marketing phenomena (focus groups, observation). However, the main constraint is that responses can be affected by culture as individuals may act differently if they know they are being observed[10]. Quantitative researches are more structured. They involve both descriptive research approaches, such as survey research, and causal research approaches, such as experiments. More respondents take part in quantitative research, although it highlights fewer problems than qualitative research. International marketing research in cross-cultural environment requires the measurement of behaviors and attitudes. A major issue in primary data collection is the existence of the so-called EMIC vs. ETIC dilemma. The EMIC school states that attitudinal and behavioral phenomena are unique to a culture. The ETIC school is primarily concerned with identifying and assessing universal attitudinal and behavioral concepts, and developing pan-cultural or culture-free measures. 5. Survey Methods of International Marketing Research The techniques of data collection used in international marketing research have both advantages and disadvantages. 1. Personal interviews are considered to be the most popular method of data collection in international marketing research. However, there are several constraints for the usage of this technique. In the Middle East countries personal interviews are treated with great suspicion. Moreover, the personnel for the survey should be male and they may conduct interviews with housewives only when their husbands are at home. In Latin American countries, where tax protest movement is being developed, the interviews are thought to be tax inspectors. 2. Mall intercept surveys may be used in the United States, Canada and the European countries. As far as the developing countries are concerned they are not common. 3. Telephone interviews have several advantages over other survey methods of international marketing research. The time and costs of international telephone calls are reducing, the surveys may be conducted from one place, the results of telephone interviews are considered reliable and it is easier to perform the client and interviewer control. But telephone surveys also have some limitations because of poor telecommunication systems in several countries. For example, in India telephone penetration is only 1 per cent and telephone surveys reduce the survey coverage greatly. But even in such developed countries as Great Britain telephone penetration comprises only 80 per cent. That is why a lot of marketers are very skeptical about telephone surveys and nowadays there is a great reduction in their application. 4. Mailing surveys are widely used in industrialized countries, where there is a high level of literacy, good mailing services and availability of mailing lists. However, the use of this method in developing countries has some constraints. In some countries people consider the mailing surveys to be the invasion into their private life and the effectiveness of these surveys is reduced. In such countries as Brazil, where only 30 per cent of mail is delivered, mailing surveys can not be used as well. 5. Electronic surveys become more popular in the United States and Europe and they are used for the products which require technological literacy such as computers and computer software. E-mail surveys begin to replace mail and telephone surveys. The limiting factors for electronic surveys are as follow: there are still many countries with low internet access, the internet versions available in various countries may not be compatible and there may be a big number of non-responses because of technical issues. At the same time the speed of getting responses and low costs of surveys makes this method suitable for international marketing research. Conclusion International marketing research is the systematic design, collection, recording, analysis, interpretation, and reporting of information relating to a particular marketing decision facing a company operating internationally. The international marketing research process has some peculiarities such as the national differences between countries arising out of political, legal, economic, social and cultural differences and, the comparability of research results due to these differences. A company performing the international marketing research may experience several problems. Firstly, there is a complexity of research design due to operation in a multi country, multicultural, and multi linguistic environment. Secondly, the availability of secondary data varies widely from country to country. On some markets, especially emerging and unstable, the data is neither available nor reliable. Thirdly, the costs of collecting primary data are much higher in foreign developing markets as there is the lack of an appropriate marketing research infrastructure. Fourthly, problems associating with coordinating research and data collection in different countries may arise. And finally, there are the difficulties of establishing the comparability and equivalence of data and research conducted in different context. Bibliography 1. Aaker D., Kumar V. , Day G., (2007), Marketing Research, 9th edition, John Wiley Sons. 2. Altstiel T. Grow J.M. (2005), Advertising Strategy: Creative Tactics From the Outside/In, Sage Publications, Inc. 3. Arnold D. (2004), The Mirage of Global Markets: How Globalizing Companies Can Succeed as Markets Localize, Pearson Education, Inc. 4. Barnard, P. (2007), Global developments and future directions in marketing research, Globalization and the Millennium: Opportunities and Imperatives, Marketing Science Institute, June 16-17, Brussels, Belgium. 5. Cateora, P. and Graham, J.L. (2009),International Marketing, 14 th edition, McGraw-Hill Company. 6. Craig, C. S. and Douglas, S. P. (2009), International Marketing Research, 2nd Edition. Chichester, UK: John Wiley Sons. 7. Douglas, S. P. and Craig, C. S. (2005), Evolution of global marketing strategy: scale, scope and synergy, Columbia Journal of World Business, Vol. 24, No. 3. 8. Kumar, V. (2000), International Marketing Research, Prentice-Hall, Inc. 9. Mahajan V. and Banga K. (2006), The 86 Percent Solution: How to Succeed in the Biggest Market Opportunity of the 21st Century, Pearson Education, Inc. 10. Kumar V. David A. Aaker George S. Day (2009), Essentials of Marketing Research, 2nd Edition with SPSS 17.0, John Wiley Sons. 11. Payne, N. (2009), Public Relations Across Cultures Building international communication bridges, URL: http://www.aboutpublicrelations.net/ucpayne.htm Appendix Examples of Specialized Bibliographic Databases. The Information Bank Advertising Marketing Intelligence Service Advertising and marketing articles from over 60 trade and professional journals are summarized on topics such as new products, consumer trends, and sales promotions. Bank Marketing Association: Financial Industry Information Service Contains about 50,000 citations on the marketing of financial services by banks, credit companies, insurance firms, investment and real estate firms, thrift operations, and government agencies. Topics include on advertising, pricing, sales, marketing, and new technologies. FINDEX Reports and Studies Indexes and describes industry and market research reports, studies, and surveys (more than 11,000 citations) from more than 500 research firms worldwide. Frost Sullivan Research Reports Abstracts Contains citations and abstracts from approximately 1,500 market research reports providing analyses and forecasts of market size and share by product and company. Industries represented include chemicals, communications, consumer products, data processing, electronics, food, health, instrumentation, machinery, and transportation. Source: Kumar, V. (2000), International Marketing Research, Prentice-Hall, Inc. [1] Kumar V. David A. Aaker George S. Day (2009), p. 345. [2] Craig, C. S. and Douglas, S. P. (2009), p. 276. [3] Kumar V. David A. Aaker George S. Day (2009), p. 374. [4] Mahajan V. and Banga K. (2006), p. 213. [5] Craig, C. S. and Douglas, S. P. (2009), p. 215. [6] Kumar, V. (2000), p. 24. [7] Craig, C. S. and Douglas, S. P. (2009), p. 107. [8] Kumar, V. (2000), p. 67. [9] Ibid, p. 69. [10] Ibid, p. 73.

Alice Walker s everyday use

Johnny's point of view to make it easier for us, the readers, to understand the plot or purpose of the story. Alice Walker wants us to know more about Mrs.. Johnny's background, a hard working black single mother of two from back then (asses). She struggled all her life for her two daughters, Dee and Maggie; both very different from each other. Mrs..Johnson is brutally honest when describing her two daughters and even herself. She calls herself a â€Å"large, big-boned woman with rough man-working hands†. Often comparing herself to a man doing masculine things because of how hard she works on her property, she kills and cleans hogs, wearing flannel pajamas and overalls †¦ All these reflect a strong, capable and independent mother, even though she lacks of certain education. If the story was to be told from a neutral third person point of view there wouldn't be much of an impact to the theme of the story, heritage.You have Mrs.. Johnson who feels strong about her heritage and Dee who tries to disguise It with the new persona she's created. Coming from a neutral point of view you wouldn't get a feel on how strongly Mrs.. Johnson feels about her heritage since It's not coming from her directly. Details would also be left out, like how Mrs.. Johnson describes herself and a true explanation on the connection she has with her daughters. If the story would have been told from Deed's point of view, we had missed all this Information from Mrs..Johnny's heritage (black woman heritage). Dee Is a very educated, arrogant, selfish, and a determined person. Her knowledge and education has only been used to put other people down, Like she did with her mom, sister and friends. Dee changed her own name to Wanders; she said that she felt oppressed by the people who first name her. Dee didn't even remember where her name came from, or her uncle's names who she still showed some kind of respect for when she remembered him carve the butter chum from a tree they used to h ave.Dee reflects those people who reject their own roots. When Wanders and Yakima-a- barber got to Mrs.. Johnny's home, they seemed Like strangers that didn't belong there. They behaved worse than Ignorant tourists, snapping pictures and getting Intrigued by Mrs.. Johnson and Magpie's rustic realism Like In a documentary, Instead of honoring and embracing the hard work of their own people, their own family. Everyday Use by Alice Walker Mrs.. Johnson who feels strong about her heritage and Dee who tries to disguise it oldest get a feel on how strongly Mrs..Johnson feels about her heritage since it's all this information from Mrs.. Johnny's heritage (black woman heritage). Dee is a education has only been used to put other people down, like she did with her mom, barber got to Mrs.. Johnny's home, they seemed like strangers that didn't belong there. They behaved worse than ignorant tourists, snapping pictures and getting intrigued by Mrs.. Johnson and Magpie's rustic realism like in a documentary, instead

Central African Republic

Central African Republic is the landlocked country located in the center of Africa. The country lies largely in the savanna zone of Africa. The north part is treeless, whereas the southern portion of the country contains dense tropical rainforests. The climate is too bad and moist because it covered with waterways and mountains. The population of the country is moderately populated. Agriculture is the largest sector and basis of Central African Republic because it situated on a fertile pleatue and abundant in water resources. So, in upcoming paragraph I will explain the population growth, components of population growth, total fertility rate, life expectancy and population pyramid of the Central African Republic in the year 1997, 2017 and 2037. In 2017 the population of the Central African Republic is increasing because the death rate is low constant and low during this year. On the other hand the birth rate is also decreasing but still higher than the death rate. According to, demographic transition theory the country is in phase 3 which is called transitional stage. Demographic transition is a model of population change in which high birth and death rates are replaced by low birth and death rates (Knox, Marston and imort .p.g.90). This happens due to improvements in hygiene (e.g. Availability of clean water and basic sanitation), nutrition and health services. Besides the decreasing birth rate; the population is still high due to the change in family pattern and also government spend less money on child benefits and maternal grants. The most common way for demographers to graphically represent the composition of the population is an age-sex pyramid, which is a representation of the population based on its composition according to age and sex. In an age-sex pyramid of Central African Republic there is baby boom appears in all the three years. Moreover, there is high fertility rate and low mortality rate in all three years. The average life expectancy (average no.of years a member can expect to live at current death rates.) of the people is 70 years and the death rate is approximately same in all the three years.in 2037 there is high dependency rate as compared to other years because there is more people in the youth charot than the people in the working class.(census, bureau). As according to population pyramid graph of the Central African Republic they predict that In 2037, there will be high population in the age group of 0-14 as compared to the other age group because birth rate seems to be increasing in the years 2017and 2037 and due to this there is more people in younger age group as compared to working class.Similarly,in 2037 this younger age group grow up and join the workforce but still there is high population in younger age group and consistency appears in the people of old age group. And due to this there is high dependency rate in the year 2037(census bureau). A demographic transition is a â€Å"model of population change in which high birth and death rates are replaced by low birth rate and death rates† (Knox, Marston & Imort pg.90). According to demographic transition theory in 2017, Population of Central African Republic lies in transitional phase (phase 3). Population trend increase in the year 2017 whereas birth rate and death rate decrease. Total population of demographic republic was 5,625,118 and its birth rate was 34.3 and death rate 13.2 this is because of industrialization. Most people focus on their carrier and they believe in family planning because due to industrialization life become more expensive.(census, bureau) Economic: Subsistence agriculture, together with forestry and mining, remains the backbone of the economy of the Central African Republic (CAR), with about 60% of the population living in outlying areas. The agricultural sector generates more than half of GDP. Timber and diamonds account for most export earnings, followed by cotton. Important constraints to economic development include the CAR's landlocked geography, poor transportation system, largely unskilled work force, and legacy of misdirected macroeconomic policies. Factional fighting between the government and its opponents remains a drag on economic revitalization. Distribution of income is extraordinarily unequal. Grants from France and the international community can only partially meet humanitarian needs (2018, economy and trade). Due to the poor facilities people are not able to survive longer and the population seems to be less in the old age group. Social: Gender equality is only a dream for women in the Central African Republic, although, in comparison to other countries in the sub-region, the country has made a lot of progress. Women are treated as inferior to men both economically and socially, and women in rural areas suffer more discrimination than their urban counterparts. About 60 to 70 percent of urban women attend primary school as opposed to 10 to 20 percent of their rural counterparts. As the CFR is the developing country there is equal participation of the male and females in workforce appears in the year 2017 and 2037 as compared to 1997( 2018,women in business). On the home front, the entire family is involved in infant care. Infants are traditionally weaned only when they are about two years. There are only a few childcare units, and Christian missionary schools typically operate them. Due to these facilities available to them they are able to have more child. In its survey of 191 countries, the World Health Organization ranked the Central African Republic's health care system second from the bottom in overall performance. Medical facilities are extremely limited in the Central African Republic, and the quality of care is unreliable.  Sanitation levels are low, and drinking unfiltered tap water is inadvisable.  About 25 percent of funding for health care in the country comes from outside aid (2018, health care). Due to this people are unable to survive longer and their average life expectancy is less in all the three years. Environmental: Central African Republic is a landlocked country located north of the equator, in almost the precise center of Africa. The climate is largely tropical, however, there are differences between regions in the north and south of the country. In general the climate is hot with an average monthly temperature recorded in the capital, Bangui, of 25 °C (77 °F) or more all year-round(2018,climate). Due to bad climate condition there is less population in the tropical area. Over the next 15-20 years the biggest demographic challenge for this country is to increase the average life expectancy of the people so that the population growth is equal in all age groups. This is the biggest challenge because of poor health conditions and services and inadequate food distribution in society and as well as there is lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality rate ,high death rates and lower population growth going on currently in CFR. In the end, Central African Republic is progressing country and the government is working on providing better health and food facilities to the people and the population get balanced in all age groups in upcoming years. Due to this population will able to survive longer and more and more start joining the workforce. WORK CITEDCentral African Republic. (2018). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from https://academic.eb.com/levels/collegiate/article/Central-African-Republic/108327#40682.tocKnox, P. I., Marston, S. A., ; Imort, M. (2015). Human geography: Places and regions in global context.Global Road Warriorâ„ ¢. (2018, October) Central African Republic: Economy and Trade. World Trade Press. Retrieved from www.globalroadwarrior.com/#mode=country;regionId=28;uri=country-content;nid=1.04;key=facts-economyGlobal Road Warriorâ„ ¢. (2018, October) Central African Republic: Women in Business. World Trade Press. Retrieved from www.globalroadwarrior.com/#mode=country;regionId=28;uri=country-content;nid=20.33;key=women-businessGlobal Road Warriorâ„ ¢. (2018, October) Central African Republic: Climate. World Trade Press. Retrieved from www.globalroadwarrior.com/#mode=country;regionId=28;uri=country-content;nid=63;key=climate-overviewU.S. Census Bureau.(2018). International Programs: Internatio nal Data Base. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/datatools

Education During The Industrialization Era Essay - 1274 Words

Education During the Urbanization Era The Urbanization Era in American history, 1870-1900, was a time for growth in America. During this era, industry grew in the country. Big changes occurred in technology, big business, large scale agricultural, and much more. Industries were growing and big businesses were booming. All of this was causing growth of population in the cities in the America. This all fueled the economic growth of the country (The Development of the Industrial United States (1870-1900). The change in economy and business also caused big changes in other parts of the nation as well, such as education. Education saw some big changes especially towards the end of this time period. Education during the urbanization period was affected by many great influential leaders and philosophers of the time, by the growth in opportunity in America, and also was affected by legislation of compulsory schooling towards the end of this time period. There were many people that had big influences on education during this tim e period. These people shaped the way education was viewed and taught. One philosopher of education during this time was a man named John Dewey. Dewey believed that schools were a child’s transition into the real world. Teaching the students how to grow out of home life and into society slowly, so that they are not overwhelmed by society (Dewey). Dewey also believed the school was an opportunity for a child to expand socially outside of the home andShow MoreRelatedRagged Dick: Or, Street Life in New York with the Boot Blacks1517 Words   |  7 PagesBoot Blacks Ragged Dick: Or, Street Life in New York with the Boot Blacks tells the story of a young teenage boy trying to survive as a boot black on the streets of New York during the period of industrialization. Ragged Dick: Or, Street Life in New York with the Boot Blacks overall is very accurate in its portrayal of the era. 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